Billy's Notes from 5.19.06

Remember the
affirmative says yes to the proposition (the negative always says no to the
proposition – the negative always wants to oppose the status quo).  The
affirmative might want to change the status quo but in a different way from that
which the proposition proposes.

 

• 
  

  When you have had a heated
  emotional exchange, the name for it is quarrel, an argument is strictly words,
  and a clash of ideas



• 
  

  Syllogism
  

  
  
  • 
    

    Discovered by Aristotle
    

    
    
    • 
      

      Wanted to Know what makes
      rhetoric work

    
    
    • 
      

      3 parts to a talk
      

      
      
      • 
        

        Major Premise

      
      
      • 
        

        Minor Premise

      
      
      • 
        

        Conclusion

      
      
      
      
    
    
    • 
      

      He didn’t like Plato because
      Plato founded a school (the Academy) and Aristotle thought he would
      inherit the school, but he didn’t, so he made his own (the Lyceum)
      

      
      
      • 
        

        Plato’s lasted 800 years

      
      
      • 
        

        Aristotle’s wasn’t as good

      
      
      • 
        

        Men are mortal, Socrates is a
        man, so Socrates is mortal

      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    Minor premise is the evidence
    

    
    
    • 
      

      If the evidence matches the
      major premise, you have a conclusion
      

      
      
      • 
        

        When they don’t match, you
        include a qualifier
        

        
        
        • 
          

          It is using words such as
          “probably” in order to give yourself wiggle room if you in fact are
          wrong.

        
        
        
        
      
      
      • 
        

        The bigger the qualifier, the
        less absolute the conclusion

      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  

  Stephen toulman
  

  
  
  • 
    

    There are over 60 types of
    syllogisms
    

    
    
    • 
      

      If people don’t know them, how
      can you argue, he made another way

    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    Socrates is a man, therefore
    Socrates is mortal
    

    
    
    • 
      

      The warrant is that men are
      mortal
      

      
      
      • 
        

        Socrates is a man, therefore
        Socrates is mortal, since all men are mortal

      
      
      
      
    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    In his situation, the warrant is
    the foundation of the argument, so it is the final part of the claim
    

    
    
    • 
      

      When you give a claim in this
      method, the warrant can be interpreted, however you didn’t actually say
      it.

    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    The system works like
    

    
    
    • 
      

      Claim

    
    
    • 
      

      Conclusion

    
    
    • 
      

      Contention

    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  


• 
  

  Harry was born in Bermuda,
  therefore Harry is a British subject, since Bermuda is British soil.
  

  
  
  • 
    

    He may have been born of
    vacationers who chose their won citizenship

  
  
  • 
    

    He may have been born in an
    embassy or on neutral ground

  
  
  • 
    

    You can change your citizenship

  
  
  • 
    

    He may have been born in Bermuda
    before the British came (there is no year give)

  
  
  • 
    

    Harry may not be Human
    

    
    
    • 
      

      In this situation the qualifier
      is weak because the contentions are small

    
    
    • 
      

      With more and more contentions,
      the qualifier grows

    
    
    
    
  
  
  • 
    

    We have seven contentions, so it
    is barely worth making a conclusion

  
  
  
  


• 
  

  The qualifier is used to guard
  yourself about refutation



• 
  

  Ask for the definition of the word
  in question “What do you mean by ________?”
  

  
  
  • 
    

    “What is the meaning of mortal?”

  
  
  
  

 

 

Work

• 
  

  Read the pages



• 
  

  Think of possible propositions



• 
  

  Must have definite count of the
  debaters for June 9th